It tells of a jewish widow, judith, who uses her beauty and charm to destroy. After having devastated many countries, holofernes reached esdraelon, and encamped between geba and scythopolis to collect his forces. The jewish encyclopedia gives a comprehensive, systematized, and succinct account of the jewish peopletheir history and literature, social and intellectual life, and their contribution to the worlds history. Judith definition of judith by the free dictionary. Dean womens institute, jewish theological seminary american, since 1965.
Talmudism is a quasireincarnation of these pharisees control system, followed by a racial group not descended from these people. The book of judith is a deuterocanonical book, included in the septuagint and the catholic and eastern orthodox christian old testament of the bible, but excluded by. Essays on the book of mormon it is a collection of essays by scholars specifically addressing the book of mormon. Judith magyar isaacson july 3, 1925 november 10, 2015 was a hungarianamerican educator, university administrator, speaker, and author born in hungary into a jewish family, isaacson was deported to the auschwitz concentration camp with her mother and aunt in july 1944, where she spent eight months in forced labor in an underground munitions plant in hessisch lichtenau. Renate eggerwenzel has already described emotions in the book of judith,6 my. Numerous illustrations in the book highlight the contrast between jewish life and. The book of judith is a deuterocanonical book, included in the septuagint and the catholic and eastern orthodox christian old testament of the bible, but excluded by jews and assigned by protestants to the apocrypha. Judaism is pharisaism, which christ preached against. The book of judith in the context of twentiethcentury studies of. Though a tale of jewish patriotism written originally in hebrew, this book was never admitted into the hebrew canon, and the same applies to the book of tobit.
A tone of religious fervor and of intense patriotism runs through the narrative, and no opportunity of enforcing the claims of the jewish law is lost. The book of judith is a story written for household reading, while it may properly be classed as didactic, yet it is one of those popular tales in which the chief concern of the writer is with the telling of the story rather than with the pointing of a moral, and in which the wish to interest takes precedence even of the desire to instruct. The oldest extant text of judith is the preservation of 15. At the siege of the jewish city of bethulia, a general named achior warned holofernes of the danger of attacking the jews. Joseph philip sternstein born august 20, 1925, american. Vintage cookbook website is focused on antiquarian, antique, vintage, and rare american cookbooks. About the book an introduction to my judaica art introduces the reader to the array of artworks inspired by jewish history which were created over a period of four decades by artistauthor judith weinshall liberman. Ludwig bravmann born april 15, 1925, german investment. From a literary perspective, the book is an artistic masterpiece, constructed in two parts 1.
The apocrypha are works writtencollected at the same time as most books of the bible but not included in the hebrew canon. Great idea to remember inspiring jewish women from judith from the book of judith from the time of the hashmonaim till judith reznik the astronaut. Racial tension can best be understood through jewish incitement and social engineering. The book of judith is similar to the biblical book of esther in that it also describes how a woman saved her people from impending massacre the book relates that nebuchadrezzar, king of assyria, sent his general holofernes on an expedition against. Jews are historys foremost race mixer, hypocrites and promoters of mongrelization.
Arthur honegger composed an oratorio, judith, in 1925 to a libretto by rene. The international jewish cook book english trager, hannah. The book, which became a bestseller upon its publication in 1955, was adapted by hendel into a play performed. The book contains numerous historical anachronisms, which is why some scholars now accept it as nonhistorical. A dictionary of named and unnamed women in the hebrew bible, the. The name judith is hebrew praised or jewess, the feminine form of judah. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the jewish encyclopedia. The book of judith is a story written for household reading, while it may properly be classed as. The jewish encyclopedia 12 volumes singer, isidore projector and managing editor on. The standard jewish encyclopedia is intended basically as a work of contemporary reference.
With over 15,000 articlesincluding over 1,000 images and illustrationsit covers ethical and religious views, customs, rites, and traditions. Although the story is set in the babylonian period, the book of judith is thought to have originated at the time of the maccabees. The book is included in the roman catholic and orthodox christian old testament, but relegated. The book of judith is a parable, or perhaps the first historical novel according to jewish authorities, who do not place it among the writings of the tanakh or hebrew bible. Book of judith an apocryphal book telling how judith saved her people judith apocrypha 14 books of the old testament included in the vulgate but. Torrey, however, goes too far when he says see jewish encyclopedia, book of judith that the writer aimed at nothing more than to write a tale that would amuse. Medieval hebrew versions understood the story in the context of the hasmonean revolt.
Rabbi temple ansche chesed, 19641969, temple beth sholom, roslyn heights, new york, since 1969. Cochin jews also known as malabar jews or kochinim, from hebrew. This image might not be in the public domain outside of the united states. Judith is included with the apocrypha in the king james version. Nov 19, 2015 grace, authoress ahahali rabbah, fragment from a prayer book containing ahasuerus alaba. The book contains numerous historical anachronisms, which is why many scholars now accept it as nonhistorical. In that sense, the book of mormon could be called an apocryphal book. Whatever the reasons, the rabbis did not count judith among their scriptures, and the reformation adopted that position. Judith is set after the return from the exile, long after nebuchadnezzar was dead, and while assyria had been conquered by the babylonians, the state nebuchadnezzar ruled over was the new babylonianchaldean empire, with its capital in babylon, not nineveh. But both judith and tobit were recognized as canonical by the council of carthage 397 ad and by the council of trent 1545 ad. The cochin jews settled in the kingdom of cochin in south india, now part of the state of kerala. The book relates that nebuchadrezzar, king of assyria, sent his general holofernes on an expedition against palestine.
A beautiful jewish widow named judith left the besieged city in pretended flight and foretold to. The book receives its title from the name of its principal character, judith jewess. The book of judith has a tragic setting that appealed to jewish patriots and it warned of the urgency of adhering to mosaic law, generally speaking, but what accounted for its enduring appeal was the drama of its narrative. Book of judith definition of book of judith by the free. The book of judith second or early first century b. The book of judith is a deuterocanonical book, included in the septuagint and in the roman catholic and eastern orthodox christian old testament of the bible, but excluded by jews and protestants. We at wol first portal for women in israel would like to coolaborate with jwa and suggest for purim together. The book of judith is a deuterocanonical book, included in the septuagint and the catholic and eastern orthodox christian old testament of the bible, but excluded from the hebrew canon and assigned by protestants to their apocrypha. National director jewish national fund american, new york city, 19621964.
The talmud uses an expression to explain why women are legally obligated to light hanukkah candles when they are often exempt in jewish law from other timebound commandments. Book of judith encyclopedia of the bible bible gateway. A descriptive record of the history religion literature and customs of the jewish people from the earliest times to the present day new edition complete in twelve 12 volumes editorisidore singer on. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. This suits the portrayal of judith as a chaste widow and the books emphasis on following religious rules. Judith and the apocryphal books in the catholic encyclopedia.
Ludwig bravmann has been listed as a noteworthy investment banker by marquis whos who. Grace, authoress ahahali rabbah, fragment from a prayer book containing ahasuerus alaba. The book of judith is a deuterocanonical book, included in the septuagint and the catholic and eastern orthodox christian old testament of the bible, but excluded from the hebrew canon and assigned by protestants to the apocrypha. Numerous correspondences between the two halves of the story provide elegant. It recounts an attack on the jews by an army led by holofernes, nebuchadnezzars general.
The tenvolume universal jewish encyclopedia uje 19391943 is. The book of judith is counted among the apocryphal books of the old testament. In the same year her grandfather, ezekiel hendel, a descendant of ezekiel taub d. Vice chairman rabbinic cabinet jewish theological seminary. The story revolves around judith, a daring and beautiful widow, who is upset with her jewish countrymen for not trusting god to deliver them from their. The original hebrew is lost and the most important surviving version is the greek translation contained in the septuagint. Book of judith article about book of judith by the free.
Just as judiths act reminds us of yaels killing of enemy general sisera in the book of judges thats the gentle story where yael put a tent peg through his head, her celebration of victory reminds us of miriams timbrels after crossing the reed sea. It tells of a jewish widow, judith, who uses her beauty and charm to destroy an assyrian general and save israel. Concise encyclopedia of jewish music by macy nulman and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Judith, book of the 1901 jewish encyclopedia bible. According to the book of judith, holofernes is said to have been despatched by nebuchadnezzar with an army of 120,000 foot and 12,000 horse for the purpose of taking vengeance on all the earth judith ii. The jewish encyclopedia funk and wagnells, is a magnum opus that outshines its successors of later generations. It has been said that the book contains numerous historical, which is why many scholars now accept it as unreliable history. Yehudey kochin are the oldest group of jews in india, with roots that are claimed to date back to the time of king solomon.
Finally delcor observes connecting lines from the book of daniel to the book of judith 1967. If treated as a real geographical name, it can be explained as a composite word built from betulah, virgin, and jah, the proper name of god, so literally yhwhs virgin. The jews who are not the ancient israelites in this medieval painting, jesus is handed over to the romans by the sanhedrin and pharisees. While roman catholics and eastern churches included the book of judith as part of their bible, jews and protestants did not even though virtually every one of judiths sixteen chapters has references to god and prayer observances, while ruth and esther, which they did include in their bible, contain little or nothing about. The early church, however, held this book in high honor. The book is not extant among the hebrew scriptures, but rather in the septuagint, abbreviated lxx. Judith, book of international standard bible encyclopedia. Wells, in his great outline of history verifies what we have just read, that millenniums ago the edomites became jews. Judith, the character from whom the book takes its name, is not mentioned in the storys first half 1. It tells of a jewish widow, judith, who uses her beauty and charm to destroy an assyrian general and save israel from oppression. Book of judith, apocryphal work excluded from the hebrew and protestant biblical canons but included in the septuagint greek version of the. In modern usage, an apocryphal book is any book not part of the bible.
The book of judith is similar to the biblical book of esther in that it also describes how a woman saved her people from impending massacre the book relates that nebuchadrezzar, king of assyria, sent his general holofernes on an expedition against palestine. The book of judith is a story of balance and counterbalance that makes the point that gods people have all they need to survive if they rely wholeheartedly on the covenant. The 1901 jewish encyclopedia, prepared by more than four hundred scholars and specalists, was a descriptive record of the history, religion, literature and customs of the jewish people from the earliest times to the present day. The standard jewish encyclopedia by roth cecil abebooks. An apocryphal book bearing the name of its principal character. Trustee united jewish appeal federation, yeshiva university served with united states army, 19431946. The book of judith full text also available in arabic.
The book of judith is a story written for household reading, while it may properly be classed as didactic, yet it is one of those popular tales in which the chief concern of the writer is with the telling of the story rather than with the pointing of a moral, and in. All scripture references and reference to other entries within the text have been linked. Concepts are carefully grounded in the talmudic roots they spring from. The creator and year of publication are essential information and must be provided. For the first time ever, the wide variety of subjects and. The history, religion, literature, and customs of the jewish people. In the bible, a jewish heroine who rescued her people by slaying an assyrian general. The book of judith, a hebrew text which circulated among jewish communities in grecoroman times, was not included in the hebrew bible after. The book of judith is a deuterocanonical book of the christian bible.
Before the 1952 discovery of aramaic and hebrew fragments of tobit among the dead sea scrolls in a cave at qumran, scholars believed tobit was not included in the jewish canon because of late authorship, estimated to 100 ad. The name bethulia in hebrew can be associated, in an allegorical sense, with bethel house of god. Key works defining jewish disciplines such as astrology are outlined by showing their original works in hebrew, and tracing their influence as they are translated. Jul 06, 2014 jewish lifestyle montefiore, judith cohen, 17841862 the jewish manual. The jewish encyclopedia cistly for this riason tlie.
The book of judith is a deuterocanonical book, included in the septuagint and the catholic and eastern orthodox christian old testament of the bible, but excluded from jewish texts and assigned by protestants to the apocrypha. A descriptive record of the history religion literature and customs of the jewish people from. The word apocrypha means literally things hidden away. The book of judith is included in the septuagint, which was translated into greek for the use of hellenized jews in alexandria. The book is held as canonical scripture by the catholic, orthodox, and oriental orthodox. Judith is the fourth book of the old testament apocrypha in those versions of the bible following the greek septuagint generally roman catholic and orthodox versions. The book of judith has a dramatic setting that appealed to jewish patriots and it warned of the urgency of adhering to mosaic law, generally speaking, but what accounted for its enduring appeal was the drama of its narrative. Judith synonyms, judith pronunciation, judith translation, english dictionary definition of judith. Book of judith synonyms, book of judith pronunciation, book of judith translation, english dictionary definition of book of judith.
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